A. PERSON-TO-PERSON COMMUNICATION
Students will develop communication skills for direct conversation and written correspondence. In conversation or brief written exchanges with family members, friends,or classmates, students will have the skill and confidence to converse and write about familiar topics and events, to ask and answer questions, and to compare and contrast people, things, or events using strings of short sentences. Students will be able to:
ELEMENTARY GRADES Pre-K-2
1. Ask and answer simple questions about self and family by using learned phrases and recalled vocabulary.
2. Express needs, likes, and dislikes relating to the immediate environment.
3. Greet others and respond to greetings in social situations.
EXAMPLES
Greet classmates and introduce themselves in the second language.
In the second language, tell a friend which everyday activity is their favorite and which they like the least.
ELEMENTARY GRADES 3-4
1. Express personal information by using learned patterns in short sentences.
2. Describe people and things using short phrases.
3. Express feelings about familiar situations.
4. Make and respond to simple requests.
5. Ask and respond to questions in social situations.
EXAMPLE
Tell a classmate what foods they like and dislike.
B. READING, LISTENING, AND VIEWING FOR UNDERSTANDING
Students will develop reading, listening, and viewing skills so they can obtain and interpret information. Students will be able to use a second language to obtain information from "authentic" resources such as newspapers, letters, literature, newscasts, videos, or musical recordings and to acquire new knowledge about people, events, and cultures. Indicators followed by an asterisk (*) may be accomplished in English or the second language. All other indicators are to be performed in the second language. Students will be able to:
ELEMENTARY GRADES Pre-K-2
1. Follow simple classroom commands and directions.
2. Respond to simple, one-word written directions.
3. Respond, in the second language, to simple texts, in that language, by utilizing a variety of activities, e.g., picture clues, letter-sound associations,or simple sentences.
4. Demonstrate understanding of simple oral narratives and short conversations on familiar topics.*
5. Identify familiar people and objects through clues and illustrations.
6. Demonstrate comprehension of the main ideas of a video or song on a familiar topic.*
EXAMPLES
Play "Simon Says" with commands given in the second language.
Use props to act out the story of "The Very Hungry Caterpillar" as it is read in a second language.
ELEMENTARY GRADES 3-4
1. Demonstrate understanding of brief messages, commands, and directions.*
2. Paraphrase brief written passages and personal notes on a familiar topic.
3. Select the main ideas and identify principal characters in illustrated stories.*
4. Respond to one- and two-step written directions.
5. Demonstrate understanding of the main ideas of simple sentences in narratives and conversations.*
6. Use and react to gestures, intonation, and other visual or auditory cues.
7. Recognize sounds and speech patterns of the language studied.
EXAMPLES
Identify the main ideas and characters in a folk tale or myth from the second language.*
Indicate which phrases are correct when they hear familiar, simple second language phrases, some with words in the correct order and some with words in incorrect order.*
C. ORAL AND WRITTEN PRESENTATIONS
Students will develop skills in oral and written presentation for one-way communication with an individual or a group. Students will use writing and oral presentation skills to address a broader range of topics in a wider variety of situations than found in person-to-person communication.Writing and speaking for presentation allows more time for careful planning and editing, so students can pay closer attention to such aspects of the structure and appropriate use of the language as pronunciation, vocabulary, spelling, grammar, and style in their finished work. Students will be able to:
ELEMENTARY GRADES Pre-K-2
1. Recognize and produce letters and numbers.
EXAMPLE
Play a number game and sing an alphabet song in the second language.
ELEMENTARY GRADES 3-4
1. Produce simple stories about everyday events or activities by using single words and phrases (pictures may be used to supplement the stories).
2. Describe daily life or personal likes and dislikes in short narratives.
3. Present information on a specific topic in short written or spoken sentences.
4. Produce appropriate sounds and speech patterns.
EXAMPLES
Show photographs of members of their families and explain who they are, using the second language.
Write a short letter in the second language to a pen-pal introducing themselves and asking questions about the pal.
Upon hearing or seeing a common letter combination in the second language, reproduce it orally.
D. WORKINGS OF LANGUAGE
Students will gain a deeper understanding of both their native language and of the way language works by discovering patterns among language systems. They will be able to compare and contrast elements of the structure and use of English and the second language, and to increase their awareness of the nature of language, the influences of other languages on English, and the strategies used to communicate meaning. (Indicators followed by an asterisk (*) may be accomplished in English or the second language.All other indicators are to be performed in the second language.) Students will be able to:
ELEMENTARY GRADES Pre-K-2
1. Distinguish between the sound systems of the first and second languages.*
2. Recognize that languages are interrelated and belong to language families.*
EXAMPLES
Compare the various ways a letter combination such as "ch" is pronounced in the first and second languages (e.g., in English, cheese, chorus, itch, chute; and in German, ich, Bach, Chor, Chemie).*
Respond to alphabet cards from the first and second languages and identify which are from the first and which are from the second language.*
Make a mobile that shows the different languages within a language family (e.g., Indo-European).
ELEMENTARY GRADES 3-4
1. Recognize that languages are related to each other by identifying words and symbols (e.g., alphabets) derived from other languages.*
2. Identify idiomatic expressions in their own language and the second language.*
3. Recognize and use formal and informal forms of language in the second language and their own language.*
EXAMPLES
Identify words and roots from the second language that are commonly used in English.*
Listen to a simple scenario involving a classmate and a police officer and then appropriately use the formal and informal forms of the second language to ask each how he/she is feeling.
Depict graphically the similarities and differences between their alphabet and those of other languages.*
E. CULTURAL PRACTICES, PRODUCTS, AND PERSPECTIVES
Students will gain insight into another culture through an understanding of its social practices, products, and perspectives. Social practices describe the way people behave toward one another. Products include tangible things like food, tools, or a piece of art, and intangible things like laws, music, or rituals. Perspectives include ideas, attitudes, and values. Students will develop an awareness of other people's world views, their unique way of life, and the patterns of behavior which order their world. Students will be able to communicate more effectively through speech and behavior. (Indicators followed by an asterisk (*) may be accomplished in English or the second language. All other indicators are to be performed in the second language.)
Students will be able to:
ELEMENTARY GRADES Pre-K-2
1. Associate a language with the dress, holidays, and music of a country or region with a different language.*
2. Identify the unique products of another culture such as toys, food, songs, currency, and crafts.*
EXAMPLES
Sing from memory a popular folksong in the second language.
Prepare, sample, and name typical dishes for a meal in a culture where the second language is spoken.*
ELEMENTARY GRADES 3-4
1. Identify how tangible products of the culture such as toys, dress, housing, food, currency, and crafts reflect life in that culture.*
2. Participate in cultural activities of another culture, such as games, songs, celebrations, storytelling, and dramatizations.*
3. Identify and produce types of artworks, crafts, or graphic representations enjoyed or made by their peer group within the culture studied.*
EXAMPLES
Draw a floor plan for a typical house or apartment using the second language to identify the rooms.
Make a list in the second language of items needed to furnish a new room, cut out pictures of the items from magazines, and make a collage to describe it to the class.
Make models and demonstrate simple toys and games from a culture where the second language was/is spoken.*
F. CROSS-CULTURAL CONNECTIONS AND COMPARISONS
Students will recognize the connections that link people, countries, and historical periods such as cultural and religious traditions, historical events, political thought, or geography. Students will become aware of the contributions of another culture to their own and further their knowledge of other disciplines through the second language. (Indicators followed by an asterisk (*) may be accomplished in English or the second language. All other indicators are to be performed in the second language.) Students will be able to:
ELEMENTARY GRADES Pre-K-2
1. Identify similarities and differences between the dress, holidays, food, and music of another culture and those of their own culture.*
EXAMPLE
Identify the contributions (food, songs, customs) made by countries where the second language is spoken to American holiday celebrations.*
ELEMENTARY GRADES 3-4
1. Demonstrate an understanding, in the second language, of terms and concepts learned in other subject areas, such as weather, math facts, measurements, plants and animals, and geography.
2. Compare literature, art or music of another culture with examples from their own culture.*
EXAMPLES
Generate a weather report about a country where the second language is spoken and present it to the class in that language.
Name, in the second language, some key geographic features of the State of Maine.